Resumo
O presente estudo pretendeu verificar a efetividade da fisioterapia em mulheres idosas com incontinência urinária (IU). Houve melhoria significativa dos sintomas de IU após o tratamento proposto em todos os estudos selecionados, nomeadamente ao nível da perda involuntária de urina e qualidade de vida. A evidência científica sugere que a fisioterapia, nomeadamente o treino dos músculos do pavimento pélvico isolado ou combinado a outros tipos de treino, assim como a componente educacional e autogestão, parecem ser intervenções relevantes em mulheres idosas com IU.
Referências
Amaral, M. O., Coutinho, E. C., Nelas, P. A., Chaves, C. M. & Duarte, J. C. (2015). Risk factors associated with urinary incontinence in Portugal and the quality of life of affected women. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 131(1), 82-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2015.03.041
Aoki, Y., Brown, H. W., Brubaker, L., Cornu, J. N., Daly, J. O. & Cartwright, R. (2017). Urinary incontinence in women. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 3(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2017.42
Aslan, E., Komurcu, N., Beji, N. K., & Yalcin, O. (2008). Bladder training and Kegel exercises for women with urinary complaints living in a rest home. Gerontology, 54(4), 224- 231. https://doi.org/10.1159/000133565
Batmani, S., Jalali, R., Mohammadi, M. & Bokaee, S. (2021). Prevalence and factors related to urinary incontinence in older adults women worldwide: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. BMC geriatrics, 21(1), 1- 17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-021-02135-8
Donato, H. & Donato, M. (2019). Stages for undertaking a systematic review. Acta Medica Portuguesa, 32(3), 227-235. https://doi.org/10.20344/amp.11923
Dumoulin, C., Cacciari, L. P. & Hay-Smith, E. J. C. (2018). Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women. Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews, (10). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005654.pub4
Elliott, V., De Bruin, E. D., & Dumoulin, C. (2015). Virtual reality rehabilitation as a treatment approach for older women with mixed urinary incontinence: a feasibility study. Neurology and Urodynamics, 34(3), 236-243. https://doi.org/10.1002/nau.22553
Falah-Hassani, K., Reeves, J., Shiri, R., Hickling, D. & McLean, L. (2021). The pathophysiology of stress urinary incontinence: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Urogynecology Journal (IUJ), 32, 501-552. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-020- 04622-9
Garber, C. E., Blissmer, B., Deschenes, M. R., Franklin, B. A., Lamonte, M. J., Lee, I. M., et al. (2011). American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: guidance for prescribing exercise. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 43(7), 1334-1359. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e318213fefb
Haylen, B.T., De Ridder D., Freeman R.M., Swift S.E., Berghmans B., Lee J., et al. (2010). An International Urogynecological Association (IUGA) International Continence Society (ICS) joint report on the terminology for female pelvic floor dysfunction. Neurology and Urodynamics; 29: 4- 20.
Holroyd-Leduc, J. M., Tannenbaum, C., Thorpe, K. E., & Straus, S. E. (2008). What type of urinary incontinence does this woman have?. Jama, 299(12), 1446-1456. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.299.12.1446
Hu, J. S., & Pierre, E. F. (2019). Urinary incontinence in women: evaluation and management. American Family Physician, 100(6), 339-348.
Kannan, P., Hsu, W. H., Suen, W. T., Chan, L. M., Assor, A., & Ho, C. M. (2022). Yoga and Pilates compared to pelvic floor muscle training for urinary incontinence in elderly women: A randomised controlled pilot trial. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice Journal 46, 101502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2021.101502.
Kim, H., Suzuki, T., Yoshida, Y., & Yoshida, H. (2007). Effectiveness of multidimensional exercises for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence in elderly community-dwelling Japanese women: a randomized, controlled, crossover trial. Journal of
America Geriatric Society, 55(12), 1932-1939. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532- 5415.2007.01447.
Leong, B. S., & Mok, N. W. (2015). Effectiveness of a new standardised Urinary Continence Physiotherapy Programme for community-dwelling older women in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Medical Journal, 21(1), 30-7. https://doi.org/10.12809/hkmj134185
Mihaľová, M., Hagovská, M., Oravcová, K., Martinásková, N., Grus, C., & Švihra, J. (2022). Pelvic floor muscle training, the risk of falls and urgency urinary incontinence in older women. Z Gerontology Geriatric, 55(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00391-021-01942-3.
Murukesu, R. R., Singh, D. K., & Shahar, S. (2019). Urinary incontinence among urban and rural community dwelling older women: prevalence, risk factors and quality of life. BMC Public Health, 19(4), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6870-6
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., et al. (2021). PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
Pereira, V. S., Escobar, A. C. & Driusso, P. (2012). Effects of physical therapy in older women with urinary incontinence: a systematic review. Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy, 16, 463-468. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-35552012005000050
Pereira, V. S., Bonioti, L., Correia, G. N., & Driusso, P. (2012). Efectos de la electroestimulación superficial en las mujeres mayores con incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo: estudio piloto aleatorio controlado. Actas Urológicas Españolas, 36(8), 491- 496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acuro.2011.11.016.
Robinson, D., & Cardozo, L. D. (2003). The role of estrogens in female lower urinary tract dysfunction. Urology, 62(4), 45-51.
Rocha, F., Carvalho, J., Natal, R. J.,& Viana, R. (2018). Evaluation of the pelvic floor muscles training in older women with urinary incontinence: a systematic review. Porto Biomed Journal, 3(2). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbj.0000000000000009
Sherburn M. Bø K, Berghmans B, Morked S, Kampen M. V. (2007). Evidence for pelvic floor physical therapy in the elderly. Evid Based Phys Ther Pelvic Floor. Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, Philadelphia: 345–368.
Sherburn, M., Bird, M., Carey, M., Bø, K., & Galea, M. P. (2011). Incontinence improves in older women after intensive pelvic floor muscle training: An assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial. Neurourolog and Urodynamics, 30(3), 317-324. https://doi.org/10.1002/nau.20968
Tannenbaum, C., Agnew, R., Benedetti, A., Thomas, D., & van den Heuvel, E. (2013). Effectiveness of continence promotion for older women via community organisations: a cluster randomised trial. BMJ open, 3(12), e004135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen2013-004135
Virtuoso, J. F., Menezes, E. C., & Mazo, G. Z. (2019). Effect of weight training with pelvic floor muscle training in elderly women with urinary incontinence. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 0(2), 141-150. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2019.1571674